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The Pizza Principle, or the Pizza-Subway Connection, in New York City, is a humorous but generally historically accurate "economic law" proposed by native New Yorker Eric M. Bram.〔Glenn Collins, (Metropolitan Diary ), ''The New York Times,'' 18 June 1980, p.C2〕 He noted in 1980 that from the early 1960s "the price of a slice of pizza has matched, with uncanny precision, the cost of a New York subway ride."〔 In 1985, the late writer, historian, and film critic George Fasel learned of the correlation and wrote about it in an op-ed for ''The New York Times.''〔George Fasel, "If You Understand Pizza, You Understand Subway Fares," The New York Times 14 December 1985, p.27〕 The term "Pizza Connection" referring to this phenomenon was coined in early 2002 by ''New York Times'' columnist Clyde Haberman. He made the observation that the theory had been used by New Yorkers to predict the cost of a slice of pizza would increase by as high as two dollars in midtown Manhattan,〔Clyde Haberman, "(Beware The Price Of a Slice )," ''The New York Times,'' 12 January 2002,〕 and commented on the two earlier publications of the theory in the ''Times.''〔Clyde Haberman, "(As Inevitable As Pepperoni: Higher Fares )," ''The New York Times,'' 9 July 2002.〕 In May 2003, ''The New Yorker'' magazine proclaimed the validity of the Pizza Connection (now called the ''pizza principle'') in accurately predicting the rise of the subway (and bus) fare to $2.00 the week before.〔Nick Paumgarten, "(Two Bucks )," ''The New Yorker,'' 19 May 2003.〕 They also quoted Mr. Bram (by then a patent attorney〔United States Patent and Trademark Office (Reg. No. 37,285 )〕) as warning that since the New York City Transit Authority had announced the discontinuation of the subway token itself〔Richard Pérez Peña, "(Farewell, Subway Token )," ''The New York Times,'' 15 March 2003.〕 in favor of the variable-fare cost MetroCard (also used on the buses at that point), the direct correlation between the cost of an off-the-street slice of cheese pizza and the cost of a subway token might not continue to hold. In 2005,〔Clyde Haberman, "(Digging Deep for a Slice of the Pie )," ''The New York Times,'' 21 June 2005.〕 and again in 2007,〔Clyde Haberman, "(Will Subway Fares Rise? Check at Your Pizza Place )," ''The New York Times,'' 27 July 2007. 〕 Haberman noted the price of a slice was again rising, and, citing the Pizza Connection, worried that the subway/bus fare might soon rise again. The fare did indeed rise to $2.25 in June 2009, and again in 2013 to $2.50.〔Nate Freeman, "(With Subway Fare Upped to $2.50, Will Pizza Slice Prices Follow Suit? )," ''The New York Observer,'' 7 October 2010.〕 Other New York City news organizations occasionally report that the ability of the Pizza Principle to predict price rises in the cost of a single-ride subway/bus fare in the city seems to be holding true.〔Garth Johnston, "(The Pizza Principle Is Alive And Well! )," ''Gothamist,'' 28 Jun 2012.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pizza Principle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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